Smolkowski, K., Stryker, l., & Ward, B. (2016). Peer-Reviewed Longitudinal Data: Scale-Up of Safe & Civil Schools’ Model For School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions And Supports. Psychology in the Schools, 53(4), 339-358.

This study evaluated 4 years of real-world implementation of the Safe & Civil Schools PBIS Model in a large urban school district. At all levels-elementary, middle, and high-schools experienced moderate but steady improvements in school discipline, student safety policy and training, staff perceptions of student behavior, and student suspension and chronic tardiness rates. The authors found that “most improvements occurred after schools began training on the Safe & Civil Schools Foun dations program, and more years of training were asso-ciated with larger cumulative improvements in school and student outcomes” (p. 339).

The district studied serves approximately 75,000 students, with 83% receiving free/reduced price lunch. Racial/ethnic demographics are 67% Hispanic, 12% Asian, 11% White, and 9% Black.

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